Thursday, July 19, 2007
Wednesday, July 18, 2007
MRI in Practice
Product Details»Book Publisher: Blackwell Science (15 January, 1998)
»ISBN: 0632042052
»Book author: Catherine Westbrook, Carolyn Kaut
»Amazon Rating: 5.0
Book Description:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) is a rapidly expanding technology used in dagnostic radaiology. Detailed, high resolution images can be acquired in any plane with minimal discomfort to the patient. Due to its inherent safety and long-term cost effectiveness, MRI is likely to be dominant imaging modality in the future
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Advances in Radiation Oncology in Lung Cancer
Pages: 526
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2005
ISBN: 3540005226
Format: PDF
Size: 5.7 MB
Editorial Reviews
Book Description
Although decades of laboratory and clinical research have led to incremental improvement in treatment outcome, lung cancer remains one of the most deadly diseases. This volume is unique in being devoted solely to the radiation oncology of lung cancer, and will be of great value to all who are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Both non-small cell and small cell lung cancer are considered in detail. Current state-of-the-art treatment strategies and novel approaches that promise further improvements in outcome are explained and evaluated, with the aid of high-quality illustrations. Treatment-related toxicity is discussed, and further individual chapters focus on topics such as quality of life studies, prognostic factors and pitfalls in the design and analysis of clinical trials
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Diagnostic Ultrasound
Diagnostic UltrasoundSummary:Keeping mathematical derivations to a minimum, Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements begins with an overview of the field, the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, and its role relative to other imaging modalities. Focus then moves to the fundamental physics involved, a detailed discussion of the transducer, conventional imaging approaches, and Doppler measurements. The following chapters explore new developments such as flow, displacement, contrast, harmonic, intracavity, and 4-D imaging. The author concludes by reviewing current status and standards on bioeffects along with a unique chapter on measuring ultrasonic properties of tissues that can be found nowhere else.
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Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathologic Anatomy
Book Description
Meyers' Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen, extensively revised and updated, is the classic text covering radiology of the abdomen as it relates to the progression of disease within an organ and from one organ to another. The book provides a systematic application of anatomic and dynamic principles to the practical understanding and diagnosis of intraabdominal disease. The full range of imaging modalities is addressed, from plain films and conventional contrast studies to CT, US, MRI and endoscopic ultrasonography. Highly selected, ample images including CT and MRI support the thoroughly descriptive text. Expanded references, citing both the classic and recent contributions, and a detailed cross-referenced index are presented. For radiologists, general surgeons, gastroenterologists, and others seeking insight into the clinical practice of radiology, this text continues to be the gold standard in the field.
Product Details
* Hardcover: 772 pages
* Publisher: Springer; 5 edition (April 20, 2000)
* Language: English
* ISBN-10: 0387988459
* ISBN-13: 978-0387988450
* Format: PDF
* Size: 328 MB
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Tuesday, July 17, 2007
Oral Surgery
Book Description:
This book covers a wide range of topics in oral surgery with detailed, step-by-step analysis of surgical techniques, with many examples. Various aspects of surgical techniques, such as the instruments and materials used in oral surgery, types of flaps and suturing techniques, radiographic techniques, complications and treatment, odontogenic infections, and the latest scientific information concerning preventive and therapeutic use of antibiotics in dentistry, are analyzed. The chapters by distinguished colleagues presenting selective yet abundant photographic material, together with figures which are of excellent quality, make this book a necessary practical guide for both the inexperienced and experienced dentist. http://www.zshare.net/download/os07-rar.html
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The Doctor's Guide to Overseas Training
This is an important book for all Doctors aspiring to work or train in different countries. The book gives comprehensive information and step by step guidelines for general and specialist training opportunities in USA, UK, Canada, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. Whether you want to know about USMLE, CSA, Residency, TOEFL, PLAB, IELTS, Jobs, Visa, Books or any other important topic, you will find answer in this book.
Review: " THE ULTIMATE DOCTOR'S GUIDE TO STUDY, WORK OVERSEAS"This book is an "A to Z guide" which will take a doctor step by step on how to get job, visa, appear for USMLE, CSE, TOEFL, IELTS, PLAB /fellowship, residency program or training in USA, UK, CANADA, IRELAND, NEW ZEALAND and AUSTRALIA. I find this book as my personal mentor who can take me through each step, solving all the doubts and questions that a doctor might have in the process and helps one finish the journey successfully. I have never found such an informative guide to doctors aspiring to go overseas and I strongly recommend this to doctors who are striving hard towards reaching their ultimate goal.
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Review: " THE ULTIMATE DOCTOR'S GUIDE TO STUDY, WORK OVERSEAS"This book is an "A to Z guide" which will take a doctor step by step on how to get job, visa, appear for USMLE, CSE, TOEFL, IELTS, PLAB /fellowship, residency program or training in USA, UK, CANADA, IRELAND, NEW ZEALAND and AUSTRALIA. I find this book as my personal mentor who can take me through each step, solving all the doubts and questions that a doctor might have in the process and helps one finish the journey successfully. I have never found such an informative guide to doctors aspiring to go overseas and I strongly recommend this to doctors who are striving hard towards reaching their ultimate goal.
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Saturday, July 14, 2007
Menopause
Elizabeth K. Stanford, MD
The average age of menopause is 51 years, with a range of 41-55. Menopause occurs before age 40 in about 5% of women. An elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level greater than 40 mlU/mL.
Pharmacologic therapy for symptoms of menopause
Vasomotor instability. A hot flush is a flushed or blushed feeling of the face, neck and upper chest. The most severe hot flushes usually occur at night. Estrogen therapy can reduce hot flushes.
Psychologic symptoms. Mood swings, depression and concentration difficulties are associated with menopause. Estrogen improves mood or dysphoria associated with menopause.
Urogenital symptoms. Declining estrogen levels lead to atrophy of the urogenital tissues and vaginal thinning and shortening, resulting in dyspareunia and urethral irritation. Urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence may develop. Estrogen treatment (oral or intravaginal) reduces these problems
Pharmacologic management of long-term risks
Coronary artery disease. Physiologic effects of estrogen, such as arterial vasodilatation, increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, are likely to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Osteoporosis. More than 250,000 hip fractures occur annually. Estrogen deficiency is the primary cause of osteoporosis, although many other secondary causes for osteoporosis exist (eg, poor diet, glucocorticoid excess). Thus, women at risk for osteoporosis should be considered candidates for HRT.
Minimum Effective Dosages of Estrogens for Prevention of Osteoporosis
Formulation
Minimum effective dosage
Conjugated estrogen
Premarin (0.3, 0.625, 0.9, 1.25, 2.5 mg)
0.625 mg
Micronized estradiol
Estrace (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg)
1.0 mg
Esterified e strogen
Estratab (0.3, 0.625, 2.5 mg) Menest (0.3, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg)
0.625 mg
Estropipate
Ogen (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg) Ortho-Est (0.625, 1.25 mg)
1.25 mg
Transdermal estradiol
Climara (0.05, 0.1 mg) Estraderm (0.05, 0.1 mg)
0.05 mg
Combination preparations
Combipatch
0.05 mg estradiol/0.14 mg norethindrone
Estratest
1.25 mg esterified estrogen/2.5 mg methyltestosterone
Estratest HS
0.625 mg esterified estrogen/1.25 mg methyltestosterone
Premphase
0.625 mg conjugated estrogen (14 tablets) and 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen/5 mg medroxyprogesterone (14 tablets in sequence)
Prempro
0.625 mg conjugated estrogen/2.5 mg or 5.0 mg medroxyprogesterone. Take one tab daily.
Vaginal preparations
Micronized estradiol cream ( Estrace)
0.01% or 0.1 mg per g (42.5 g/tube)
Estropipate cream ( Ogen)
1.5 mg per g (42.5 g/tube)
Conjugated estrogen cream ( Premarin)
0.625 mg per g (42.5 g/tube)
Estradiol vaginal ring ( Estring)
7.5 :g per 24 hours every 90 days
Hormone replacement therapy administration and regimens
The benefits of HRT in reducing the risks of hip fracture outweigh the risk of breast cancer in nearly all women. However, long-term HRT is not recommended for women at high risk for breast cancer.
Effective doses of estrogen for the prevention of osteoporosis are: 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen, 0.5 mg of micronized estradiol, and 0.3 mg of esterified estrogen.
In those women with a uterus, a progestin should be given continuously (2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone per day) or in a sequential fashion (5-10 mg of medroxyprogesterone ( Provera) for 12-14 days each month). The most common HRT regimen consists of estrogen with or without progestin. The oral route of administration is preferable because of the hepatic effect on HDL cholesterol levels.
Estrogen cream. 1/4 of an applicator(0.6 mg) daily for 1-2 weeks, then 2-3 times/week will usually relieve urogenital symptoms. This regimen is used concomitantly with oral estrogen.
Relative and Absolute Contraindications for Hormone Replacement Therapy
Absolute contraindications Estrogen-responsive breast cancer Endometrial cancer Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Active thromboembolic disease History of malignant melanoma
Relative contraindications Chronic liver disease Severe hypertriglyceridemia Endometriosis Previous thromboembolic disease Gallbladder disease
Adverse effects attributed to HRT include breast tenderness, breakthrough bleeding and thromboembolic disorders.
Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast activity. Alendronate (Fosamax) is effective in increasing BMD and reducing fractures by 40 percent. To prevent esophagitis, alendronate should be taken in an upright position with a full glass of water 30 minutes before eating. Alendronate is indicated for osteoporosis in women who have a contraindication to estrogen.
Raloxifene (Evista), a selective estrogen receptor modulator has been FDA-labeled for prophylactic treatment of osteoporosis. This agent offers an alternative to traditional HRT. The modulator increases bone density (although only one-half as effectively as estrogen) and reduces total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Complementary therapies
Adequate dietary calcium intake is essential, and supplementation is helpful if dietary sources are inadequate. Total calcium intake should approximate 1,500 mg per day, which usually requires supplementation.
Vitamin D supplementation (400 to 800 IU per day) is recommended for women who do not spend 30 minutes per day in the sun.
Treatment of low libido consists of micronized testosterone cream (1 mg/mL) applied to the inner surface of both forearms daily. Start with 1 mg/day and increase to 2.5 mg/day if necessary. Androgens are known to increase libido and protect bone mass.
The average age of menopause is 51 years, with a range of 41-55. Menopause occurs before age 40 in about 5% of women. An elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level greater than 40 mlU/mL.
Pharmacologic therapy for symptoms of menopause
Vasomotor instability. A hot flush is a flushed or blushed feeling of the face, neck and upper chest. The most severe hot flushes usually occur at night. Estrogen therapy can reduce hot flushes.
Psychologic symptoms. Mood swings, depression and concentration difficulties are associated with menopause. Estrogen improves mood or dysphoria associated with menopause.
Urogenital symptoms. Declining estrogen levels lead to atrophy of the urogenital tissues and vaginal thinning and shortening, resulting in dyspareunia and urethral irritation. Urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence may develop. Estrogen treatment (oral or intravaginal) reduces these problems
Pharmacologic management of long-term risks
Coronary artery disease. Physiologic effects of estrogen, such as arterial vasodilatation, increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, are likely to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Osteoporosis. More than 250,000 hip fractures occur annually. Estrogen deficiency is the primary cause of osteoporosis, although many other secondary causes for osteoporosis exist (eg, poor diet, glucocorticoid excess). Thus, women at risk for osteoporosis should be considered candidates for HRT.
Minimum Effective Dosages of Estrogens for Prevention of Osteoporosis
Formulation
Minimum effective dosage
Conjugated estrogen
Premarin (0.3, 0.625, 0.9, 1.25, 2.5 mg)
0.625 mg
Micronized estradiol
Estrace (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg)
1.0 mg
Esterified e strogen
Estratab (0.3, 0.625, 2.5 mg) Menest (0.3, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg)
0.625 mg
Estropipate
Ogen (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg) Ortho-Est (0.625, 1.25 mg)
1.25 mg
Transdermal estradiol
Climara (0.05, 0.1 mg) Estraderm (0.05, 0.1 mg)
0.05 mg
Combination preparations
Combipatch
0.05 mg estradiol/0.14 mg norethindrone
Estratest
1.25 mg esterified estrogen/2.5 mg methyltestosterone
Estratest HS
0.625 mg esterified estrogen/1.25 mg methyltestosterone
Premphase
0.625 mg conjugated estrogen (14 tablets) and 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen/5 mg medroxyprogesterone (14 tablets in sequence)
Prempro
0.625 mg conjugated estrogen/2.5 mg or 5.0 mg medroxyprogesterone. Take one tab daily.
Vaginal preparations
Micronized estradiol cream ( Estrace)
0.01% or 0.1 mg per g (42.5 g/tube)
Estropipate cream ( Ogen)
1.5 mg per g (42.5 g/tube)
Conjugated estrogen cream ( Premarin)
0.625 mg per g (42.5 g/tube)
Estradiol vaginal ring ( Estring)
7.5 :g per 24 hours every 90 days
Hormone replacement therapy administration and regimens
The benefits of HRT in reducing the risks of hip fracture outweigh the risk of breast cancer in nearly all women. However, long-term HRT is not recommended for women at high risk for breast cancer.
Effective doses of estrogen for the prevention of osteoporosis are: 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen, 0.5 mg of micronized estradiol, and 0.3 mg of esterified estrogen.
In those women with a uterus, a progestin should be given continuously (2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone per day) or in a sequential fashion (5-10 mg of medroxyprogesterone ( Provera) for 12-14 days each month). The most common HRT regimen consists of estrogen with or without progestin. The oral route of administration is preferable because of the hepatic effect on HDL cholesterol levels.
Estrogen cream. 1/4 of an applicator(0.6 mg) daily for 1-2 weeks, then 2-3 times/week will usually relieve urogenital symptoms. This regimen is used concomitantly with oral estrogen.
Relative and Absolute Contraindications for Hormone Replacement Therapy
Absolute contraindications Estrogen-responsive breast cancer Endometrial cancer Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Active thromboembolic disease History of malignant melanoma
Relative contraindications Chronic liver disease Severe hypertriglyceridemia Endometriosis Previous thromboembolic disease Gallbladder disease
Adverse effects attributed to HRT include breast tenderness, breakthrough bleeding and thromboembolic disorders.
Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast activity. Alendronate (Fosamax) is effective in increasing BMD and reducing fractures by 40 percent. To prevent esophagitis, alendronate should be taken in an upright position with a full glass of water 30 minutes before eating. Alendronate is indicated for osteoporosis in women who have a contraindication to estrogen.
Raloxifene (Evista), a selective estrogen receptor modulator has been FDA-labeled for prophylactic treatment of osteoporosis. This agent offers an alternative to traditional HRT. The modulator increases bone density (although only one-half as effectively as estrogen) and reduces total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Complementary therapies
Adequate dietary calcium intake is essential, and supplementation is helpful if dietary sources are inadequate. Total calcium intake should approximate 1,500 mg per day, which usually requires supplementation.
Vitamin D supplementation (400 to 800 IU per day) is recommended for women who do not spend 30 minutes per day in the sun.
Treatment of low libido consists of micronized testosterone cream (1 mg/mL) applied to the inner surface of both forearms daily. Start with 1 mg/day and increase to 2.5 mg/day if necessary. Androgens are known to increase libido and protect bone mass.
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